"Professional security begins with professional conduct."
Use of Force Continuum
Instructor Sele: The decision to use force is the most consequential decision you will ever make on duty. Get it wrong and someone gets hurt — possibly you, legally and physically. This module ensures you understand exactly when, why, and how force is ever justified.
Section 1 — What is the Use of Force Continuum?
The use of force continuum is a framework that guides guards on the appropriate level of force for a given situation. Force escalates in steps — you always begin at the lowest effective level and only escalate if lower levels fail. Jumping to a higher level without justification is illegal.
The five levels are: (1) Officer Presence — mere presence deters most threats; (2) Verbal Commands — clear, calm instruction to comply; (3) Soft Physical Control — guided escort, arm control, non-pain techniques; (4) Hard Physical Control — restraint, takedowns when soft control fails; (5) Lethal Force — only when life is in immediate danger, a last resort.
Section 2 — The Legal Test for Force
Ask yourself three questions before using any force: Is the force necessary? Is it proportionate? Is it reasonable? If you cannot answer YES to all three, do not use force.
Section 3 — De-escalation First
De-escalation is the process of calming a confrontation before it becomes physical. Use a calm, clear voice. Maintain a safe distance (2 metres minimum). Keep your hands visible. Avoid aggressive posturing. Most confrontations can be resolved with confident, calm communication — without any physical contact at all.
- •Always begin at the lowest effective level of the continuum
- •Force must be necessary, proportionate, and reasonable — or it is unlawful
- •De-escalation is always the preferred outcome
- •Lethal force is only justified when life is in immediate, unavoidable danger
- •Document any use of force immediately after the incident in a full written report
"In 15 years I have physically restrained a person fewer than five times. Every other confrontation was resolved with presence and words. Train your voice like a tool. It is your most powerful weapon on this job."
What is the first and lowest level of the use of force continuum?